Socrates

469-399 B.C.

He said that we could learn much about ourselves by examining our thoughts and feelings. Later this thought was called, introspection, “looking within”.

Plato

428-348 or 347 B.C.           

Recorded his teacher’s advice: “Know Thyself”.

Very dedicated to Socrates (his teacher) and his way of thinking, he also wrote the Apology of Socrates.

Aristotle

384-322B.C.

Outlined laws of associationism

Associationism: When one experience comes up and another comes up the same way, you think the next experience is going to be the same.

Hippocrates

460-370 B.C.

He believed that people weren’t possessed by demons but rather they had such abnormalities in the brain.

Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler

1880-1943, 1886-1941, 1887-1967

Gestalt psychology is a school of thought that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.

You see a shape or form as it appears on the page rather than realizing the shape may be smaller or larger than it actually looks.

Freud

1856-1939

He was the father of psychodynamic thinking and psychoanalysis.

Assumed that most of what exists in an individual’s mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes.

Skinner

1904-1990

He said people learn in the same way animals do. He showed that when an animal is reinforced, or rewarded, for performing an action, it is more likely to perform that action in the future.

Wundt

1832-1920

Father of structuralism and experimental psychology. He was concerned with discovering the basic elements of consciousness.

James

1842-1910

Father of functionalism, concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment.

Watson

1878-1958

Father of behaviorism, “Does it seem absurd to try to place yourself in the mind of a rat?”

Locke

1632-1704

Built on principles of associationism, he theorized that knowledge is not inborn but is learned from experience.